Means for increasing the stability of aeroplanes.



Y W. L. MARE. MEANS FOR INCREASING THE QTABILITY OF AEBOPLANES.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 2, 1910 l,104,056. Patented July 21, 1914,

wil /mitoses ol x Y To all whom it may concern:

'WALTERL. MARE, F FLINT, MICHIGAN.

MEANS FOR INCREASING Specificati on of ietters Patent.

.rrrm summer or anaormnss.

Application filed July 2, 1910. Serial No. 570,136.

Be it known that I, WALTER L. MARK, a

citizen of the United States of America, re-

sidin 'at Flint, in'the county of Genesee and gtate of Michigan, have inventedcertain'new and useful Improvements in Means for Increasing the Stability of'Aeroplanes, of whichthe following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

In operating aeroplanes it is necessary to provide means for arresting or preventing a lateral movement if the main planes uptilt laterally.

This, invention relates to aeroplanes wherein there are means which prevent lateral movement when the machine is tilted on its main axis and are so disposed as to automatically right the machine when so thrown out of balance or out of a substantiall horizontal position.

T e invention consists 1n the matters hereinafter set forth, and more particularly and in any pointed out in the appended claims.-

In the drawings, Figure lis a view of an aeroplane of a bi-plane type provided with means embodying features of the invention;

and Fig. 2 is a new of a modification of the device in connection with a mono-plane.

Referring to the drawin s a main frame work 1, of suitable design nd material, has main planes 2 disposed transversely to the frame and line of flight at a suitable angle of inclination.- Forward lifting planes 3 with any preferred form of controlling 'de-- vice 4 .and a rear balance plane 5 with rudder 6 are secured to theframe. A motor 7 ,with propeller 8 is used todrive the machine.

The motor and frame work are so disposed that the center of gravity is below the upper main plane and is preferably at or below the lower main plane.

Stability planes 9 are securedat intervals along the under surface of the upper main plane ,at substantially right angles thereto convenient manner, as for example, by attaching them to uprights or struts 10 of the frame. These planes are parallel to the line of flight of the machine and their lower margins are at an interval above the lower frame and of the center of line offlight, the stability distance of their gravity of the machine or their largest effective areas and consequently their centers of resistance are above the center of gravity of the machine. As a result of this construction any sidewise movement of the ma: chine when the main planes are tilted laterally, is" prevented. Furthermore the movethat of the lower" plane is unimpeded so that the latter tends to swing under the 11 per plane as the basket of a loaded parac ute swmgsunder the parachute plane. Thus the machine tends to automatically right ltself and maintain a normal position.

In machines of the mono-plane type as indicated in Fig. 2, the motor and operators Patented July 21, 1914.

ment of the upper plane is checked while station are so disposed in relation to the main plane 11 as to bring the center of gravity of the machine below the main plane. Stability planes 12'are secured at intervals below the main plane parallel to the line of flight of the machine. Their eifectis the same as in the bi-plane as they check any tendency of the main plane to move laterally when tilted and the unretarded heavier portions of the machine swing under the main plane and restore the machine toproper balance and position. The

stability planes can be extended or placedabove the main planes if so desired.

Obviously, changes in the details of construction may, be made without departing from the spiritof the invention and I do not care to limit myself to any particular form or arrangement of parts.

I claim as my invention In an aeroplane, a pair of main planes disposed one above the other in spaced relation and connected at the front and rear edges thereof by verticall disposed uprights spaced apart throng out the length of said plane, a set of depending stability planes at the ends of said main planes erpendicular to the upper main plane om and rear ends thereof connected to said u rights and maintained in parallelism to the planes of each set being spaced a art approximately the en h and having the lower edges thereof a We the lower main which they depend and havingthe forward plane and providingair passages below and In testimony whereof I afix my signatransversglly of She upgerfimam planeiland ture in presence of two Witnesses. a motor 'spose on t e same in suc rea lation to said stability planes that the WALTER 5 greater effective area of the stabilit planes Witnesses:

1s above the center of gravity of tie aero- OTTO F. DANHEL, plane. ANNA M. Donn. 

